Non Members

There are 6 non members in the United Nations and they are

1.Turkish Cyprus, officially known as the Northern Cyprus

The Turkish controlled area of Northern Cyprus unilaterally declared independence in 1983. And it has been named 'Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.Northern Cyprus takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President is head of state and the Prime Minister head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the Assembly of the Republic. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.

The president is elected for a five-year term. The current president is Derviş Eroğlu who won the presidential elections on 18 April 2010. The legislature is the Assembly of the Republic, which has 50 members elected by proportional representation from five electoral districts. The republic is not internationally recognized although it does have trade relation with some countries. Islam and Christianity are the major religions 

Capital: Nicosia

Language: Turkish

Area: 3355 sq.km

Population:264,172 (2006)

Flag and Map of Turkish Cyprus 

2. Republic of Kosovo

Kosovo is an improvised territory with population of mainly ethnic Albanians,unilaterally declared independence from Serbia in 2008 on the month of February. Also the country is known as the New Born Baby of Europe.

Kosovo immediately won recognition from United States and major European countries. But Serbia,with the help of Russia, has vowed to block Kosovo from getting  United Nations entry ticket.Islam, Serbian Orthodox and Roman Catholic are the major religions. The current president is Atifete Jahjaga since 7th April 2011. The term of president is 5 years and renewable only once. 

   Capital: Pristina

Languages: Albanian, Serbian, Bosniak, Turkish and Roma

Area: 10857 sq.km

Population: 2,126,708

Flag and Map of Kosovo

3. Palestine

Palestine is not consider as an country by United States and Israel. The historical declaration of an independent Palestine comprising West Bank of river Jordan and Gaza strip was made by Yasser Arafat, leader of Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) on November 15 of 1988 in Algiers.

Yasser Arafat, 

 PLO was founded in 1964 to express the nationalist aspirations of Palestinian Arabs. In 1974, the UN granted the permanent observer status and in 1976 it become Member of Arab league.

About 80 nations including INDIA immediately recognized the new nation, which was born out of struggle extending over forty years. Israel and USA will not allow the new country and USA will oppose the entry of Palestine to UN by using the special power in the Security Council.          

Flag and Map of Palestine 

4. Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is also known as the S.A.D.R. SADR set up by the Polisario Front, a liberation movement in Western Sahara, is territory that came under Morocco's control after Spain withdrew. Algeria supported the Polisario-led struggle for independence. India accorded recognition to the new government on October 1, 1985. It still remain as a partially recognized state. The rulers of SADR are President Mohamed Abdelaziz and Prime Minister Abdelkader Taleb Oumar

 The United Nations will conduct a referendum in Western Sahara on whether the territory should become independent or remain part of Morocco.

Capital: El-Alaiun

Language: Arabic

Area: 266,000 sq.km

Population: 382,617

Flag and Map of Sahrawi Arab Demo.Rep

5.Taiwan, officially known as Republic of China

The Taiwan is off southeast coast of China and formerly known as Formosa, includes the island of Taiwan, two offshore island Quemoy and Matsu, and the near by islets of the Pescadores chain.

Chiang Kai Shek

The Taiwan and adjoining areas where originally Chinese territory. In 1950, Chiang Kai Shek made Taiwan the headquarters of the Nationalist Republic of China. Although Taiwan still claims to be the legal government of China it lost its seat in the United Nations and its permanent status of UN Security Council to Communist China in1971. In 1987, martial law was lifted after 38 years and in 1991, the 43 year period of emergency rule ended. In May 1996 Lee Teng-Hui stormed to resounding victory in the island's first presidential election.The current president is Ma Ying-jeou and the Prime minister is Yoshiro Mori

The Taiwan is officially known as the Republic of China and the China is officially known as the People's Republic of China. And China is the cross to the entrance of Taiwan to the United Nations. Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism are the major religions in Taiwan      

Capital: Taipei

Languages: Mandarin Chinese, Taiwan and Hakka dialects

Area: 35,981 sq.km

Population: 22,974,347

Flag and Map of Taiwan

6.Vatican City
The Vatican is the smallest independent nation in this world and the residence of the spiritual leadership of Roman Catholic Church. Its territory is completely surrounded by Italian capital Rome.
Vatican City the city of the Pope, includes St. Peters Cathedral, Vatican Palace and museum, The Vatican Gardens and neighbouring buildings.Vatican has its own railway station (for freights only), postal system, police, coins and radio. The religion in Vatican is Roman Catholic. The Vatican is known as the capital of
Roman Catholic
The city is governed by a commission by the Pope, who has full legal, executive and judicial powers. The state's supreme pontiff is Pope and the current Pope is Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger commonly known as Pope Benedict XVI. The Government type of Vatican is Ecclesiastical.

Pope Benedict XVI

Capital: Vatican City

Languages: Latin and Italian

Area: 0.4 sq.km

Population: 900

Flag and Map of Vatican 

Read more »

Agencies

There is lot of Agencies under the control of United Nations, They may be agencies of social, economical, scientific or technology fields. All are related to U.N.O by special agreement of U.N Charter.
Some of the organisations or agencies of U.N is here

1. International Labor Organisation (ILO) - Geneva , from 1919
2. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) - Vienna, from 1945
3. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) - Rome, from 1945
4. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - Paris, from 1946
5. World Health Organization (WHO) - Geneva, from 1948
6. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) - Washington, from 1945 
7. World Meteorological Organization (WMO) - Geneva, from 1950
8. Inter government Maritime Consultative Organisation (IMCO) - London, from 1958
9. United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) - New York, from 1946
10. World Trade Organisation (WTO) - Geneva, from 1948
11. United Nations Development Program (UNDP) - New York, from 1965
12. United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP) - Nairobi, from 1972
13. United Nations Fund for Population Activation (UNFPA) - New York, from 1967
14. United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) - Geneva, from 1950
15. United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) - Vienna, from 1967
16. International Development Association (IDA) - Washington, from 1960
17. International Finance Corporation (IFC) -  Washington, from 1955
18. International Monetary Fund (IMF) -  Washington, from 1945
19. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) - Montreal, from 1947
20. Universal Postal Union (UPU) - Bern, from 1947
21. International Telecommunication Union (ITU) - Geneva, from 1947
22. International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) - Rome, from 1977
23. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) - Geneva, from 1964
24. United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) - New York, from 1965
25. United Nations Relief and Work for Palestine Refugees in the West Asia (UNRWA) - New York, from 1967  

Read more »

Secretariat

The Secretariat of United nations consist of Secretariat members and a head Secretary General who leads the whole United Nations Organisation. The Secretary General is elected by General Assembly on the basis of Security Council nomination. The period of Secretary General is 5 years and can be reelected. International staffs are appointed by Secretary General under the regulation established by General Assembly. The high commissioner for refugees and the managing director of the fund  and theSecretary General are appointed by the General Assembly. There is almost 44000 international civil members responsible to work for U.N, and U.N gives the salary to them. The day to day working of U.N is controlled by Secretariat.The duties carried out by the Secretariat are as varied as the problems dealt with by the United Nations. These range from administering peacekeeping operations to mediating international disputes, from surveying economic and social trends and problems to preparing studies on human rights and sustainable development.

Structure of Secretariat 

 The headquarters of  Secretariat is at U.N plaza New York. The United Nations, while headquartered in New York, maintains a significant presence in Addis Ababa, Bangkok, Beirut, Geneva, Nairobi, Santiago and Vienna, and has offices all over the world.
From 2007 Ban Ki Moon of South Korea is the Secretary General of the United Nations Organisation

Ban Ki Moon 

FORMER SECRETARIES-GENERAL

1. Trygve Lie (Norway) - Term of Office: 1946-1952 
2. Dag Hammarskjöld (Sweden) - Term of Office: 1953-1961
3. U Thant (Myanmar) - Term of Office: 1961-1971 
4. Kurt Waldheim (Austria) - Term of Office: 1972-1981 
5. Javier Perez de Cuellar (Peru) - Term of Office: 1982-1991
6. Boutros Boutros-Ghali (Egypt) - Term of Office: 1992-1996
7. Kofi A. Annan (Ghana) - Term of Office: 1997-2006

Read more »

Trusteeship Council

The Trusteeship Council is an international trusteeship system to safeguard the interests of the inhabitants of territories which are not yet fully self-governing and which may be placed there under by trusteeship agreements, and they are called as the trust territories. Int hat 5 permanent members, the countries holding trust territories and some more members to equalize ration of trust territory holding nation and non holding nation. There will two meetings annually.The center of council is at New York of USA
The permanent members are

1. China
2. France
3. Russia
4. UK
5. USA

The main function of Trusteeship Council is to protects the  needs of peoples living in trust territories. But in other way only 10 of total 411 trust territories are joined a nation or made independent. But the Trusteeship Council is inactive from 1 st November 1994 after the independence of Palau, the last remaining United Nations trust territory (on October of same year).

Read more »

International Court Of Justice

Peace Palace, The Hague

ICJ or International Court Of Justice is located at the peace palace The Hague of Netherlands. But the urgent meeting can hold anywhere else. International Court of Justice was created by an international treaty, the statue of the court, which forms an integral part of the United Nations Charter. All members of the U.N.O are parties to the statue of the court.

There is 15 judges elected by the General Assembly and Security Council of United Nations. And there will not be 2 judges from same country. Term of a judge is 9 years and they are able to reelection. The President and Vice-President are elected by General Assembly on the basis of Security Council nomination for the period of 3 year. The court continues permanently in session. All questions are decided by majority. The languages used in the court are English or French. ICJ where established in 1945, the Court began work in 1946 as the successor to the Permanent Court of International Justice.

Current Judges

Hisashi Owada of Japan is  the President and

Peter Tomka of  Slovakia is the Vice-President

Other members are

1. Abdul G. Koroma of Sierra Leone
2. Awn Shawkat Al-Khasawneh of Jordan
3. Bruno Simma of Germany
4. Ronny Abraham of France
5. Sir Kenneth Keith of New Zealand
6. Bernardo Sepúlveda Amor of Mexico
7. Mohamed Bennouna  of Morocco
8. Leonid Skotnikov of Russia
9. Antônio Augusto Cançado Trindade of Brazil
10. Abdulqawi Yusuf of Somalia
11. Sir Christopher John Greenwood of United Kingdom
12. Xue Hanqin of China
13. Joan Donoghue of United States

Functions Of ICJ

It gives the legal advice to the agencies and councils when they demand it. Also the problems presented by countries are solved by ICJ. 

Emblem of ICJ

Read more »

Economic And Social Council

The Economic And Social Council is also called as ECOSOC (ECO-Economic,SO-Social and C-Council)
It is a 54 members council selected by 2/3 majority system of General Assembly. It is responsible for carrying out the functions of the United Nations with regards to international economics, social, cultural, educational, health and related matters. The members term is up to three year.Seats on the Council are based on geographical representation with

1. 14 allocated to African states
2. 11 to Asian states
3. 6 to East European states
4. 10 to Latin American and Caribbean states 
5. 13 to West European and other states.

ECOSOC holds a four-week session each year in July. Since 1998, it has also held a meeting each April with finance ministers heading key committees of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The ECOSOC serves as the central forum for discussing international economic and social issues, and for formulating policy recommendations addressed to member states and the United Nations system.

Under the council there is 5 regional counciles

• United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) - Geneva, Switzerland
• United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) - Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 
• United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) - Santiago, Chile
• United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) - Bangkok, Thailand
• United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA) - Amman, Jordan

Read more »

Security Council

The U.N Security Council consist of 15 members in which 5 are permanent. Each member has 1 vote. The 10 non permanent members are elected for the period of 2 year by the 2/3 majority of General Assembly. The permanent member has the power to vote any move. The retiring members are not eligible for immediate re-election.  Presidency of Security Council is held for 1 month in rotation by the member in English alphabet of their names.

Permanent Members of Security Council

The permanent members has the power of vote for or against a move. That vote will depend the acceptance of the move. That power is called veto power of permanent member. The permanent members and their representatives are

1. China  - Li Baodong
2. France - Gérard Araud
3. Russia - Vitaly Churkin
4. UK - Sir Mark Lyall Grant
5. USA - Susan Rice   

Non-Permanent Members of Security Council

The Non-permanent members changes in every 2 year. Also there is reservation for the seats in council on the basis of region.

1. Afro-Asian countries-5 seats
2. Latin American countries-2 seats
3. Western Europe countries-2 seats
4. Eastern Europe countries-1 seats

Now 2 set of non-permanent members are there. One from 1st January 2010 to 31st December 2011 and 1st January 2011 – 31st December 2012.

The members and representatives from 1st January 2010 to 31st December 2011 are

1. Bosnia and Herzegovina - Ivan Barbalić
2. Brazil - Maria Luiza Ribeiro Viotti
3. Gabon - Emmanuel Issoze-Ngondet
4. Lebanon - Nawaf Salam
5. Nigeria - Joy Ogwu

From 1st January 2011 to 31st December 2012 are

1. Colombia - Néstor Osorio Londoño
2. Germany - Peter Wittig
3. India - Hardeep Singh Puri
4. Portugal - José Filipe Moraes Cabral
5. South Africa - Baso Sangqu

 On the basis of reservation

1. Afro-Asian  :-Gabon, Lebanon, Nigeria, India and South Africa
2. Latin American:-Brazil  and Colombia
3. Western Europe  :-Germany and Portugal 
4. Eastern Europe  :-Bosnia and Herzegovina

The Functions of Security Council

The main function is to protect international peace and security. To create peace full atmosphere the council can interfere by discussion or by force full movement.The suspension and dis mission of member is nominated by security council. The electing of judges of the international court is one of the function of security council. The important matter is that a vote of permanent member (veto power) is able to reject a decision even the 14 other members where in opposite side. So that if a permanent member reject a decision, it treated as the security council rejected the decision. But some of the decision which can't rejected by veto are can be passed by 2/3 majority.

 The expansion of security council to include the "New Powers" such as India, Germany and Japan as permanent members has been suggested by various fora. 

Read more »

General Assembly

The General Assembly of united nations is the council of every members. Each member have a casting vote but a member can send up to 5 representatives for the meeting. All other council of U.N should submit their report to general council. New York is the center of General Assembly.

Leaders Of Nation Addressing General Assembly

Functions Of General Assembly

The complete matter is discusses and functions from the charter of U.N by General Assembly except some which is controlled by the security council. The budget controlling and selecting a new member (nominated by Security Council) are the major functions. For all it needs a vote 2/3 of presented members. The temporary members of  Economic and Social Council and some members of Trusteeship Council are elected by U.N General Assembly.

The General Assembly is divided into 7 sub committees for the smooth working and they are are

1. Economic Sub Committee
2. Political Sub Committee
3. Social Sub Committee
4. Trusteeship Sub Committee
5. Legal Sub Committee
6. Administration Sub Committee
7. And a special Political Sub Committee

The General Assembly council held in the third Tuesday of every September.

Read more »

United Nations

The united nations is an international organisation which is the hope and conscience of the world. U.N.O is the follower of league of nations which was the international association of countries. Currently there is 192 members in it. U.N is the largest international organisation of the world.

Formation of  The United Nations.

In 1941 at the time of second world war President of United States Mr. Franklin.D.Roosevelt and the Prime Minister of Britain Mr. Winston Churchill arranged a meeting in the summer and the idea of  U.N for cooperation and peace between countries where put forwarded. And they signed in the Atlantic Charter. Later in October of the 1942 the same leaders and The roller of Soviet Union Mr. Joseph Stalin meted at the Tehran. They agreed that to withstand the international peace we need an international organisation and the name United Nations Organisation is nominated by Mr. Roosevelt.

The U.N.O Charter

 In the October of 1944 the charter of U.N.O  formed at  Dumbarton Oaks of  Washington D.C.

Former Soviet Union, United Kingdom,United States and China attended the meet. Feild Marshal Smatt gives the introduction to the charter. The charter meant that it is the constituency of the United Nations.

  To sign the charter a conference where held at San Francisco of U.S.A from 25th April to 26th June 1945.   Britten, China, France, Soviet Union, United States are the leaders of the meet. On 26th of June the U.N.O Charter where signed by representatives of 50 country. And the United Nations officially came into experience on 24th of the October 1945. And 24th October is celebrated as the U.N day. The first conference of U.N.O is held at London in January 1946;and Trgyve Le of Norway elected as the first Secretary General of U.N.O

The headquarters of U.N.O is in 17 acre of land which where donated by John D Rockefeller  at Manhattan island of New York.But the center of U.N.O is works at First avenue ,U.N plaza in the New York City. 

To get the membership the country should be nominated by security council and 2/3 vote of general assembly is also needed. The suspension of a member is also follows this rule.

Trygyve Le

Rockfeller

The Aims of U.N.O

The major aims of United Nations are 

1. Withstand peace security in world.
2. To encourage the members to made basic needs and to cooperate for removing poverty, illiteracy and deceases.
3. Made a friendly nature between countries.
4. To achieve these needs work as center.     

The Flag of United Nation is made on 20th of 1947 by the General Assembly. A blue colored flag contains the emblem of U.N.O at the center.

The official languages of United Nations are

1. Chinese
2. English
3. French
4. Russian
5. Spanish
6. Arabic

 Headquarters of U.N.O

Read more »

West Indies

West Indies is the association of Caribbean islands.It is a crescent shaped group of island distributed into 3200 kilometers. The Caribbean island separates the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean sea. And the Caribbean island situated in the North America.

   Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago are the West Indies countries

  The countries plays cricket under the label of West Indies are

 Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago

  

Read more »

SAARC

South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation is an association of south Asian nation. And it is founded in December 1985 by Zia-u-Rahman. Seven members are founded the SAARC; and they are Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Afghanistan joined in the SAARC in 2005. The meeting of organisation held usually scheduled annually and the meeting of foreign secretaries held twice annually. The headquarters of SAARC is at Kathmandu of Nepal.     

Read more »

European Union

European Union is a association of 27 countries in the Europe, which control economical and political matters of members

Read more »

Commonwealth

Commonwealth countries are Britten and the countries where under the British empire.Almost 25% of the world's population can be seen in Commonwealth. there is 53 members.The communication between the commonwealth countries is by Commonwealth high commissionaire while other countries uses Ambassadors.
    Ireland and Myanmar are resigned from commonwealth in 1948. Pakistan and South Africa where rejoined the association but they rejoined later.

An another important matter is there is games held in every 4 year named Commonwealth Games participate all commonwealth countries. it is the worlds largest games after Olympics. The games is controlled by Commonwealth Games Federation,CGF

Read more »

CIS

Commonwealth of Independent States is the association of former Soviet Union countries. CIS  actually it is a loos association. The association is found by the Republic of Belarus also Russian Federation and Ukraine on 8th December 1991. On 21st December of same year 8 former soviet republics joined in CIS. The 12 of 15 Soviet republic are the members of CIS. Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania are choosed not to join in CIS. The center of the CIS is at Minsk of Belarus.

Read more »

ASEAN

Association of South East Asian Nations is commonly known as ASEAN. It mainly includes the Geo political and economical functions of 10 southeast Asia. Which formed in 8th August of 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippians, Singapore and Thailand. The Secretariat of ASEAN is at south Jakarta of Indonesia.
     There was a association named Association of Southeast Asia commonly called ASA with  Malaysia, Philippians and Thailand formed in 1961. That association expanded and changed the name as ASEAN. The ASEAN hold meeting is known as the ASEAN summit. 

Read more »

Arab League

The Union of Arab countries is officially known as the League Of Arab States.It is a regional union. It includes north, northeast Africa and south west or middle east countries. Arab league is formed in Cairo on 22 nd February 1945 with 6 members and they are Egypt, Iraq,Transjodan (Now Jordan), Lebanon,Saudi Arabia and Syria. Currently Arab league Has 22 Members.The main goal is that "draw closer the relations between member States and co-ordinate collaboration between them, to safeguard their independence and sovereignty, and to consider in a general way the affairs and interests of the Arab countries".The headquarters of Arab League is at Tahrir Square of Cairo the capital city of Egypt. 

Read more »

African Union

The union of the 54 African countries is AU. Also known as UA. Only Morocco is nonmember of African Union. The African is established in 9th of July 2002. Formally it was known as the Union Of African Unity(OAU). The commission of AU is in Addis Ababa of Ethiopia. 

Read more »

Antarctica

Antarctica the white desert. It is snow continent and there is no human beings. But now a days some countries are made research centers in Antarctica. The first country made an research center in Antarctica is Chili 

Read more »

South America

South America also known as the Latin America. The world's fourth largest continent distributed in to 1,78,40,000 Square kilometer. Contains 12 countries including football giants Argentina and Brazil. The Amazon rain forests are the main attraction of the continent   

Read more »

North America

The worlds third largest continent. it is distributed into 2,43,90,600 Square kilometer. Totally there is almost 542,400,000 peoples on the basis of 2000's calculation. there is 23 in depended countries and 18 depended countries. United States of America, Canada and Mexico are the major countries in this continent. Also the West indie-an island contains 13 countries situated in the North America

Read more »

Europe

The second Smallest Continent in the world. Europe is distributed 10,459,000 Square kilometer. It contains total 50 countries. The worlds largest country Russia and the smallest country Vatican are in Europe. The most interesting matter is the Russia's major parts are in Asia; but the capital city Moscow is in Europe ,only because of this reason Russia is considers as in Europe. There is no deserts in the Continent. Also almost all countries are economically powered.

Read more »

Australia

Australia is the smallest continent in our world. Continent is also known as Oceania. But on other words the whole 25000 island distributed in the middle-south Pacific ocean are actually the Oceania. Whatever it is the country Australia and New Zealand are includes in Oceania. The land of Kangaroo is also Australia.       

Read more »

Asia

The largest continent in the world. It contains 50 countries. Not only on the basis of area but also on the basis of population Asia is the largest country. The most important thing is that almost all religions birth place is Asia  

Read more »

Africa

The dark continent.Also it is the second largest continent in the world. It contains 53 countries. And Africa is distributed in  30,190,000 square kilometers. On the basis of the seances of 2005 922,011,000 peoples are there in Africa. The world's largest desert 'Sahara' is there.  

Read more »